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1.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 35(2): 44-54, 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1281801

ABSTRACT

Miopatía Necrotizante Autoinmune (MNA) fue reconocida como nuevo sub-grupo de miositis luego de observar en biopsias musculares la presencia de necro-sis con escaso o ausente infiltrado inflamatorio, sumado a la expresión de dos an-ticuerpos específicos de miositis (Anticuerpo anti Partícula de Reconocimiento de Señal, anti-SRP; y Anticuerpo anti Hidroxi-3-metilglutaril-CoA reductasa, anti-HM-GCR), ambos fuertemente asociados al hallazgo histológico descrito y a fenotipos clínicos característicos a cada anticuerpo, los cuales comparten importantes simi-litudes representadas por severa debilidad muscular proximal, gran elevación de creatinkinasa (CK), escasa manifestación de síntomas y signos extramusculares, y resistencia al uso de inmunosupresión habitual. Si bien en primera instancia los criterios de clasificación propuestos estaban basados en la histología, la obser-vación de necrosis en otros subgrupos de miositis, sumado a la homogeneidad del comportamiento clínico de pacientes que expresaban anticuerpos anti-SRP o anti-HMGCR independiente de la histología presentada, llevó en el año 2016 al Grupo de Trabajo del Centro Europeo Neuromuscular (ENMC) a establecer crite-rios diagnósticos de MNA basados en el comportamiento clínico (debilidad mus-cular proximal con CK total elevada) más la presencia del anticuerpo respectivo (anti-SRP o anti-HMGCR), reservando la necesidad de realizar biopsia muscular en el caso que la serología resulte negativa, siendo así reconocidas tres entidades distintas de MNA: Miopatía anti-SRP, Miopatía anti-HMGCR y Miopatía Necroti-zante seronegativa. La presente revisión expresa el actual conocimiento de MNA y sus subtipos, refiriéndose a aspectos históricos, clínicos, histológicos, inmuno-patológicos, y de pronóstico y tratamiento.


Necrotizing autoinmune myopathy (NAM) was recognized as a new sub-group of myositis after the observation of necrosis with mild or absent inflam-matory infiltrates in muscle biopsies, in addition of expression of two specific myositis antibodies (antiSRP and antiHMGCR), which are strongly associated to the mentioned hystologic findings, with different clinical phenotypes depending on the presence of each antibody, but sharing some features like severe proximal muscle weakness, significant elevation of creatin phosphokinase (CK), mild ex-tramuscular involvement and resistance to commonly used immunosupressants. The first proposed approach to classification criteria was hystology-based, none-theless the observation of necrosis in some other types of myositis and the homo-geneity of clinical features in patients expressing antiSRP or antiHMGCR despite the hystologic findings led to a new classification scheme leaded by the European Neuromuscular Center in 2016, which recognizes thre different clinical entities of NAM, based on the antibody expression plus the presence of proximal muscle weakness, relying hystology to a secondary place thus eliminating the need for immediate biopsy to stablish a diagnosis: those are antiSRP myopathy, antiHMG-CR myopathy and seronegative necrotizing myopathy, being the last one the only needing muscle biopsy. The present review shows the actual knowledge about NAM and its subtypes, referring to hystoric, clinical, hystologic, immunopatholog-ic, prognostic and therapeutic issues.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/pathology , Myositis/pathology , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Muscular Diseases , Myositis/diagnosis , Myositis/physiopathology , Myositis/therapy , Myositis/epidemiology , Necrosis/immunology , Necrosis/pathology
2.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 203-211, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-86398

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the use of dogs with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a disease model for necrotizing encephalitis (NE) was assessed. Twelve healthy dogs were included in this study. Canine forebrain tissues (8 g), including white and grey matter, were homogenized with 4 mL of phosphate-buffered saline for 5 min in an ice bath. The suspension was emulsified with the same volume of Freund's complete adjuvant containing 1 mg/mL of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Under sedation, each dog was injected subcutaneously with canine brain homogenate at four sites: two in the inguinal and two in the axillary regions. A second injection (booster) was administered to all the dogs using the same procedure 7 days after the first injection. Clinical assessment, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, necropsies, and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed for the dogs with EAE. Out of the 12 animals, seven (58%) developed clinically manifest EAE at various times after immunization. Characteristics of canine EAE models were very similar to canine NE, suggesting that canine EAE can be a disease model for NE in dogs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Brain/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Dog Diseases/immunology , Encephalitis/immunology , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/veterinary , Immunization/veterinary , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/veterinary , Necrosis/immunology
3.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 121(3): 28-39, sept. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-518417

ABSTRACT

La criocirugía, modalidad efectiva de tratamiento médico, es una técnica quirúrgica que emplea la congelación a temperaturas criogénicas para destruir tejidos biológicos no deseados. El objetivo de la criocirugía es congelar un determinado volumen tisular (para maximizar la destrucción celular) en una región predefinida y provocar necrosis sin daño significativo del tejido sano periférico. Las bases de la criocirugía son: "una rápida congelación, una lenta y completa descongelación, y repetición de los ciclos de congelación-descongelación". Para explicar el daño en una criolesión se han propuesto muchos mecanismos de injuria inducidos por la congelación. Los mecanismos son: (a) lesión celular directa, (b) lesión vascular, (c) apoptosis y (d) lesión inmunológica. La lesión que resulta de la criocirugía es compleja; por lo tanto, para controlar el resultado de este procedimiento es necesario comprender los mecanismos de daño en criocirugía.


Cryosurgery, an effective medical treatment modality, is a surgical technique that employs freezing at cryogenic temperatures to destroy undesirable biological tissue. The goal of cryosurgery is to freeze a specified volume of tissue (to maximize cell destruction) within a predefined target region, resulting in necrosis without significant damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. Factors that facilitate this are: rapid freezing, slow and complete thawing, and repetition of the freeze-thaw cycle. To explain the injury within a cryolesion, many freezing induced injury mechanisms have been proposed. These mechanisms are 1) direct cell injury, 2) vascular injury, 3) cellular apoptosis, and 4) immunologic injury. The injury that results from cryosurgery is complex; therefore, to control the outcome of cryosurgery it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of damage in cryosurgery.


Subject(s)
Cryosurgery/adverse effects , Cryosurgery/methods , Soft Tissue Injuries/immunology , Freezing , Microcirculation/physiopathology , Cell Death/physiology , Necrosis/immunology , Necrosis/pathology , Neoplasms/therapy , Blood Vessels/injuries
4.
Arch. argent. alerg. inmunol. clín ; 26(1): 7-16, mar. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-152114

ABSTRACT

Llega a la consulta una niña de 3 años de edad, con diagnóstico de celulitis con fascitis necrotizante, posterior a una varicela con complicación bullosa, que fue resistente a la antibioticoterapia implementada, no habiendo aceptado tampoco los injertos dérmicos que se le practicaron, con un 90 por ciento de digestión en la zona injertada. En el momento de la consulta inmunológica se detectan múltiples focos sépticos, juntamente con una alteración de su sistema inmune humoral y celular. Se implementa tratamiento clínico-inmunológico específico con excelente evolución de su estado general y rápida cicatrización de sus heridas


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Fasciitis/physiopathology , Necrosis/immunology , Cellulitis/complications , Cellulitis/immunology , Chickenpox/complications , Fasciitis/diagnosis , Fasciitis/immunology , Antibody Formation/physiology , Antibody Formation/immunology , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Immunity, Cellular/physiology , Superantigens/physiology , Superantigens/immunology
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